Carlisle

.media type="custom" key="3975775" width="189" height="257"media type="custom" key="4110349"

The **chicken or the egg** [|causality] [|dilemma] is commonly stated as "which came first, the [|chicken] or the [|egg]?" Chickens hatch from eggs, but eggs are laid by chickens, making it difficult to say which originally gave rise to the other. To ancient philosophers, the question about the first chicken or egg also evoked the questions of how life and the universe in general began.[|[1]] Cultural references to the //chicken and egg// intend to point out the futility of identifying the first case of a [|circular cause and consequence]. It could be considered that in this approach lies the most fundamental nature of the question. A literal answer is somewhat obvious, as opposed to the [|logical fallacy] of the [|metaphorical] view, which sets a [|metaphysical] ground on the dilemma. So, to understand its metaphorical meaning better, it could be reformulated as follows: "Which came first, X that can't come without Y, or Y that can't come without X?" An equivalent situation arises in engineering and science known as [|circular reference], in which a parameter is required to calculate that parameter itself. Examples are [|Van der Waals equation] and the famous [|Colebrook equation]. Another example is calculation of thickness of roof of a tank or structure. To calculate the thickness requirement, we need to know the self weight of the roof, which is possible only by already knowing the thickness. This situation is solved by initially assuming the parameter and by repeated iterations converging towards finer values.

Ancient references to the dilemma are found in the writings of classical [|philosophers]. Their writings indicate that the proposed problem was perplexing to themselves and was commonly discussed by others of their time as well. [|Aristotle] ([|384]-[|322] [|BC]) was puzzled by the idea that there could be a first bird or egg and concluded that both the bird and egg must have always existed:

If there has been a first man he must have been born without father or mother – which is repugnant to nature. For there could not have been a first egg to give a beginning to birds, or there should have been a first bird which gave a beginning to eggs; for a bird comes from an egg.

The same he held good for all species, believing, with Plato, that everything before it appeared on earth had first its being in spirit."[|[2]] [|Plutarch] ([|46]-[|126] [|AD]) referred to a //hen// rather than simply a //bird.// His is //[|Moralia]// in the books titled "Table Talk" discussed a series of arguments based on questions posed in a [|symposium]. Under the section entitled, "Whether the hen or the egg came first," the discussion is introduced in such a way suggesting that the origin of the dilemma was even older:

...the problem about the egg and the hen, which of them came first, was dragged into our talk, a difficult problem which gives investigators much trouble. And Sulla my comrade said that with a small problem, as with a tool, we were rocking loose a great and heavy one, that of the [|creation of the world]..."[|[3]]

[|Macrobius] ([|395]–[|423] [|AD]), a Roman philosopher, found the problem to be interesting:

You jest about what you suppose to be a triviality, in asking whether the hen came first from an egg or the egg from a hen, but the point should be regarded as one of importance, one worthy of discussion, and careful discussion at that."[|[4]]

[|Stephen Hawking] and [|Christopher Langan] argue that the egg came before the chicken, though the real importance of the question has faded since [|Darwin]'s //[|On the Origin of Species]// and the accompanying [|Theory of Evolution], under which the egg must have come first, assuming the question intended the egg to mean an egg in general or an egg that hatches into a chicken.[|[5]][|[6]]